• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A method for producing a multi-material component connection (130) is described. The method comprises: i) additive manufacturing of a first component (110) of a first material (150), wherein the first component (110) has a connection structure (112), ii) providing a second component (120) which has a connection section (121) having a second material (160), iii) introducing the connection portion (121) into the connection structure (112), the second material (160) being at least partially in the viscous phase, and iv) curing the second material (160) such that a positive connection (131) is formed between the first component (110) and the second component (120).
    公开号:AT520756A4
    申请号:T51016/2017
    申请日:2017-12-06
    公开日:2019-07-15
    发明作者:Erlacher Manuel；Buchmayr Bruno；Walzl Alexander
    申请人:Montanuniv Leoben；Magna Steyr Fahrzeugtechnik Ag & Co Kg；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Summary
    A method for establishing a multi-material component connection (130) is described. The method comprises: i) additively manufacturing a first component (110) from a first material (150), the first component (110) having a connection structure (112), ii) providing a second component (120) which has a connection section (121), which has a second material (160), iii) introducing the connecting section (121) into the connecting structure (112), the second material (160) being at least partially in the form of a viscous phase, and iv) curing the second material (160) such that a positive connection (131) is formed between the first component (110) and the second component (120).
    (Figures 2a to 2c)
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    Our sign: M 1982 AT
    Method for producing a multi-material component connection and the multi-material component connection
    Technical field
    The present invention relates to the technical field of producing component connections. The present invention relates in particular to a connection between a first component which has a first material and a second component which has a second material. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method for producing a multi-material component connection, a first component being manufactured additively. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a multi-material component connection.
    Technical background
    In a large number of industrial processes, for example in the automotive industry, a first component made of a first material is connected to a second component made of a second material. Here, the first material and the wide material are different from each other. For example, the first material is a metal and the second material is a plastic. The result is a multi-material component connection, whereby the two components can be attached to one another, for example, using known adhesive connections or classic joint connections (e.g. through, riveting, etc.). For example, mainly used for the connection of metal and plastic, especially gluing. Furthermore, e.g. for the
    AD: JP: jw
    2.30
    - Connection of aluminum and steel using CMT (cold metal transfer) welding.
    Here, however, the problem arises that many materials, in particular materials with significantly different physical and / or chemical properties, are difficult to connect. For example, aluminum / steel connections can only be realized by welding with great effort. Classic joint connections necessarily lead to additional process steps and destroy at least part of a material. Adhesive connections cannot be implemented with some materials and often do not offer the required hold. For example, adhesive bonds are often not temperature-resistant or not resilient enough for the corresponding requirements. So there are many cases in which a multi-material connection is to be realized, the investment costs for expenses, e.g. to implement additional process steps, but are very high. Furthermore, the additional process steps also waste time, so that ultimately higher costs and additional time taken ensure that the connection of two components made of different materials to a multi-material component connection can become an expensive and lengthy process. Furthermore, the desired results are often not achieved in terms of durability and resilience.
    In summary, a multi-material component connection between a first component made of a first material and a second component made of a second material cannot currently be carried out efficiently for a large number of different materials.
    There could therefore be a need for an efficient and robust method for connecting a first component made of a first material and a second component made of a second material to form a multi-material component connection for a multiplicity of different materials
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    -3 to be provided, whereby a non-releasable connection, which is temperature-resistant and resilient, is provided in an efficient and reliable manner in terms of cost and duration.
    In other words, a permanent connection between different materials is to be realized.
    Summary of the invention
    This need could be met by means of a method for producing a multi-material component connection and a multi-material component connection according to the independent claims.
    Advantageous embodiments of the present invention are described by means of the dependent claims.
    According to a first aspect of the invention, a method is provided for producing a multi-material component connection. The method comprises: i) additively manufacturing a first component from a first material, the first component having a connection structure, ii) providing a second component which has a connection section which has a second material, iii) introducing the connection section into the Connection structure, wherein the second material is at least partially in the form of a viscous phase, and iv) curing of the second material in such a way that a positive connection is formed between the first component and the second component.
    The described method is based on the idea that an additively manufactured first component made of a first material and a second component made of a second material can be connected directly within a process. According to the invention, a first component is manufactured additively during one
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    -4 Additive manufacturing process. The second component can be provided on the first component without interrupting the process. Here, a connecting section of the second component is at least partially in the form of a viscous phase. As a result, the at least partially liquid or melted connection section can be introduced into a connection structure of the first component. The connection structure is designed in such a way that the connection section can infiltrate it (e.g. into cavities), i.e. it can be distributed around and / or into defined structures (e.g. a grid). In a further step, the second material can then harden. This makes the viscous phase solid or solidifies into a solid solid. The connecting section of the second component can now be present as a solid phase or non-viscous phase. A positive connection can now be obtained in the area in which the connection structure of the first component and the connection section of the second component are present. This is made possible by the fact that the connection section has infiltrated the connection structure. In this way, a temperature-resistant and resilient multi-material component connection, which has a positive connection between the first component and the second component, can be obtained within a process which has additive manufacturing.
    The described method is efficient and robust and thus the efficiency and reliability of a manufacturing process can be significantly improved in terms of cost and duration. Investment costs and time can thus be saved.
    Previous problems, as already described above, that additional cost-intensive process steps are necessary for many different materials and that no temperature-resistant and resilient connections are still obtained, can be overcome with the described method.
    5.30
    -5 An advantage of this type of connection of foreign materials such as Plastics and metals are independent of additives such as adhesives. A pure form fit occurs between the materials (e.g. plastic as the second material and metal mesh as the first material). For a variety of industrial processes, e.g. in the automotive sector, more temperature-resistant and resilient connections can be realized (the conventional adhesive connection offers a comparison). The area of application on all interfaces between materials such as plastics and metal components can therefore be assumed. In addition, a connection made using additive manufacturing can be used for wall thicknesses> 0.5 mm. Furthermore, components which are in the form of metal sheets can also be connected.
    In other words, a robust connection is made from different materials such as plastic and metal. The decisive mechanism of the connection formation is the introduction, in particular infiltration, of the viscous phase of the second material into the connection structure (e.g. a metallic lattice structure) from the first material. Due to the viscous (e.g. molten) phase of the second material, complex cavities, undercuts and lattice structures can be filled perfectly.
    According to another aspect of the invention, a multi-material component connection is provided. The connection has a first component, which is made additively from a first material, the first component having a connection structure. The connection further has a second component which is provided on the first component, the second component having a connection section which has a second material. Furthermore, the connection has a positive connection, which is formed between the first component and the second component. The positive connection is obtained by: i) introducing the connecting section into the connecting structure, the second material
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    At least partially in the form of a viscous phase, and ii) curing of the second material.
    The connection described can be established using the method described above. The connection is based on the same idea as the method and can provide the same advantages as the method.
    In this document, the term additive manufacturing can in particular refer to a process in which a component is built up in layers on the basis of digital 3D construction data by the depositing and / or solidifying of solidifiable material. Additive manufacturing refers to processes for the fast and cost-effective production of models, samples, prototypes, tools and other end products. This manufacturing takes place on the basis of computer-internal data models made of formless or form-neutral material by means of chemical and / or physical processes. Usually, no special additional tools are required. Additive manufacturing can be divided into different process engineering processes, e.g. in powder bed processes, free space processes, liquid material processes and other layer construction processes. The use of these processes is economically particularly useful for the parallel production of very small components in larger quantities, for unique pieces, as well as for small series production or individual production of parts with a high geometric complexity, also with additional functional integration. It is a production process that differs from conventional abrasive manufacturing methods. Instead of milling a component out of a solid block, for example, additive finished components build up layer by layer of solidifiable material, which is present, for example, as a fine powder. When assembling in the direction of assembly, physical and chemical hardening or melting processes take place.
    In this document, the term component can in particular denote a component or an individual part of a technical complex. Anyone can
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    -Ίtechnical component are referred to as a component, which together with at least one further component, i.e. a second component, can be connected to a component connection. Furthermore, a plurality of components can also be connected to form a component connection. A multi-material component connection has at least two different materials, e.g. two different metals or one metal and one plastic. However, a multi-material component connection can also have a plurality of different materials.
    In this document, the term connection structure can in particular designate a structure which is suitable for connection. Further in particular, the term can denote a structure which enables a connection to a connection section, which is partially present as a viscous phase. The connection structure can be designed in such a way that the viscous material can be introduced into the structure and when the viscous material hardens to form a solid phase, a positive connection is created. For this purpose, the connection structure can be designed as a grid. This enables an efficient infiltration with viscous material into the free spaces of the grid and ensures a positive connection when the viscous material hardens. In a simple embodiment, the connection structure can be designed as a rod, hook or ball, which can be enclosed by viscous material. In a further exemplary embodiment, the connection structure can be designed as a complex lattice structure, in particular as a lattice pattern that repeats itself periodically in at least one spatial direction. The use of additive manufacturing is particularly advantageous because it can also be used to produce very complex connection structures.
    In this document, the term connecting section can in particular designate a section of a second component which is suitable for being at least partially present as a viscous phase. For example, that
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    -8 entire second component be liquid and / or melted. Furthermore, only the connecting section can also be liquid and / or melted. The connecting section or the entire component can e.g. be provided by means of injection molding.
    In this document, the term first material can in particular designate a material that can be used for additive manufacturing. This can e.g. Metal (e.g. aluminum, steel, titanium, copper), plastic (e.g. ABS, polyamide), synthetic resin, ceramic or a composite. The term material can include any material that is suitable for use in an additive manufacturing process. The material can be in powder form or, for example, as a paste. At the time of application, the material can be in a first state and at the time of the finished component, the material can be in a second state, the material being less solid in the first state than in the second state. For this purpose, the material can initially be at least partially liquid and harden at a later point in time and thereby solidify. Furthermore, the material can be powdery and e.g. be solidified by laser energy. Furthermore, the material can be solidified by means of a binder. A number of further possibilities are conceivable by means of which a corresponding first material can be obtained.
    In this document, the term second material can in particular designate a material that can be used for the introduction into a connecting structure. This can e.g. also metal (e.g. aluminum, steel, titanium, copper), plastic (e.g. ABS, polyamide), synthetic resin, ceramic or a composite material. The second material can in particular be melted at least partially, so that it is at least partially in the form of a viscous phase. A number of further possibilities are conceivable as to how a material can at least partially exist as a viscous phase.
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    In this document, the term viscous phase can in particular denote that the second material is at least partially present as a phase which has a viscosity. Viscosity denotes the viscosity or viscosity of liquids and gases (fluids). The greater the viscosity, the thicker (less flowable) the fluid is; the lower the viscosity, the more fluid it is, so it can flow faster under the same conditions. For example, a solid body has no viscous phase or viscosity. The second material, which is at least partially in the form of a viscous phase, can harden at a later time. For example, a liquid or an at least partially melted material can harden or solidify to a solid body. Here, the liquid or the melt has a viscosity (viscous phase), while the solid, hardened body has no viscosity (no viscous phase). The viscosity can be measured in Pa (Pascal) * s (second). Some examples of viscosity are water at room temperature: 1 mPas, aluminum at 700 ° C: 2 mPas and a polymer melt: 10 3 to 10 13 mPas.
    In this document, the term positive connection can in particular refer to the interlocking of at least two components within a component connection. As a result, the components cannot separate from one another without or with interrupted power transmission. In the case of a positive connection, the one component is in the way of the other component, with such a blocking occurring in at least one spatial direction. Some examples of positive connections are tongue and groove, feather key, zipper and dovetail connection. Another example is the introduction of a second material, which is at least partially in the form of a viscous phase, into a connecting structure of a first material which is not in the form of a viscous phase. Here, the connection structure can be designed (e.g. as a grid) such that after the second material has hardened, the two materials no longer
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    -10 can be separated from each other. The second material can harden in such a way that it is in the way of the first material within the connecting structure (e.g. within the grid) at least in one spatial direction. A positive connection can thus be obtained.
    Exemplary embodiments of the described method and the described connection are now explained below.
    According to one exemplary embodiment, the first material has a first melting point and the second material has a second melting point, the first melting point being higher than the second melting point. This has the advantage that the described method can be carried out particularly efficiently.
    At the moment of introduction, the second material is at least partially in a viscous phase or in a liquid phase / melt. A viscous phase can advantageously be achieved by melting. In this case the viscous phase has an elevated temperature. When the viscous material is introduced into this connection structure of the first component, the connection structure is not melted. It can be advantageous if the connection structure remains in the solid state. If the first material which is contained in the connection structure has a higher melting point than the second material, the first material remains as a solid phase while the viscous phase of the second component is introduced. For example, the first material can be a metal and the second material can be a plastic. In this case, the melting point of the metal (around 1000 ° C) would be significantly higher than that of plastic (around 300 ° C). In another example, the first material can be steel (melting point about 1400 ° C) and the second material can be aluminum (melting point about 660 ° C). In this case, the first component can be made additively from steel and the aluminum can be added in liquid form without the steel being melted.
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    According to a further exemplary embodiment, additive manufacturing has a 3D printing technique. This has the advantage that the described method can be integrated directly into established and proven processes. Furthermore, particularly complex connection structures can be reliably created with this method.
    A large number of 3D printing techniques are known and standardized, which may be suitable for the method described. Examples include: stereolithography, binder jetting, 3D screen printing, polyjet modeling, fused deposition modeling and laser sintering. A number of further possibilities are conceivable by means of which a 3D printing technique can be carried out.
    According to a further exemplary embodiment, a layer thickness in the additive manufacturing is in the range from 20 μm to 50 μm. This also has the advantage that the described method can be integrated directly into established and proven processes of additive manufacturing.
    According to a further exemplary embodiment, the provision comprises the use of an injection molding technique. This has the advantage that an established and easy to carry out process can be applied directly.
    The term "injection molding can refer to a master mold process, which e.g. can be used in plastics processing (thermoplastics and thermosets). The respective material is liquefied (plasticized) by means of an injection molding machine, that is to say at least partially converted into a viscous phase. The material is then introduced into an injection mold under pressure, in particular injected. Inside the injection mold, the material goes through hardening, e.g. by cooling or a crosslinking reaction to a solid state which has no viscous phase. The finished component can then be removed from the injection mold. The cavity of the injection mold determines the
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    -12Form and the surface structure of the component. Furthermore, the injection mold can be attached to the connection structure of a first component, which has a first material. Here, the connection structure and the injection mold can overlap. If a second material of a second component is now melted, it can be introduced into the injection mold and into the connection structure. The second material can harden or solidify and a positive connection between the components can thereby be obtained, in particular after the injection mold has been removed again. Injection molding can be particularly advantageous for plastics, but can also be used for metals. Otherwise, a metal casting process is available for metals.
    According to a further exemplary embodiment, the first material is metal, in particular steel.
    According to a further exemplary embodiment, the second material is a metal, in particular aluminum, or a plastic.
    These exemplary embodiments have the advantage that industry-relevant components can be produced and connected efficiently and flexibly. In particular, the joining of steel and aluminum, or of metal and plastic, as described above, represents a challenge for industrial processes, for example in the automotive industry. With the described method, these different materials can be joined particularly efficiently and robustly, whereby The relevance of the materials mentioned in industry provides many advantages for industrial processes.
    According to a further exemplary embodiment, the second material is at least partially melted during the provision. This has the advantage
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    -13that the provision of the viscous phase can be carried out particularly efficiently.
    A number of processes are known by means of which a material can be melted at least partially. The simplest embodiment is raising the temperature. The process of melting leads to an at least partial transfer into the liquid phase of a material. This reveals the viscous properties of the material, i.e. a viscous phase is provided.
    According to a further exemplary embodiment, the connection structure is designed as a cavity structure, in particular as a lattice structure, further in particular as a lattice pattern that is repeated periodically in at least one spatial direction. This has the advantage that a particularly efficient and stable connection between the components can be provided.
    The connection structure advantageously has at least one cavity into which the connection section of the second component can be introduced. In this way, the cavity can be filled so that a positive connection is obtained after curing. The cavity can e.g. can be provided in that the connection structure is open-pore or porous. Furthermore, the cavity can e.g. be provided by means of a grid. A lattice can have lattice struts which are oriented in two or more spatial directions and which have lattice crosspoints at the crossing points of the lattice struts. The cavities which can be filled with the second material now result between the lattice struts or between the lattice cross points. Furthermore, the lattice struts and lattice cross points can be enclosed by the second material. Many other shapes are also conceivable, for example a lattice which is based on the crystal structure of diamond or a honeycomb structure. The grid can be irregular or regular. In the latter case it can
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    -14 lattices have a lattice pattern (smallest unit) which is repeated periodically in one or more spatial directions.
    It is pointed out that embodiments of the invention have been described with reference to different subject matter of the invention.
    In particular, some embodiments of the invention are described with device claims and other embodiments of the invention with method claims. However, those skilled in the art will immediately understand upon reading this document that, unless explicitly stated otherwise, in addition to a combination of features belonging to one type of subject matter of the invention, any combination of features belonging to different types of Objects of the invention belong.
    Brief description of the drawings
    Further advantages and features of the present invention result from the following exemplary description of currently preferred embodiments.
    Figure 1 shows a first component with a connection structure according to an embodiment.
    Figures 2a-c each show a multi-material component connection according to an embodiment.
    FIGS. 3a and b each show a multi-material component connection according to a further exemplary embodiment.
    FIGS. 4a-c each show a multi-material component connection according to a further exemplary embodiment.
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    Detailed description of exemplary embodiments
    Identical or similar components are provided with the same reference numbers in the figures.
    According to one embodiment, the basis is the production of base bodies (first component) with special regular lattice structures (connecting structure) by means of additive manufacturing from metallic materials (first material). A second material (secondary material, low-melting material such as aluminum or plastics) is applied to the additive manufactured mold using injection molding technology. The resulting infiltration into the regular lattice structure enables a form-fitting, non-detachable connection to be made between foreign materials.
    According to one embodiment, in the multi-material construction method, a lattice structure is also printed on a connection structure, on a first (additively manufactured) component, which in the following process step (e.g. injection molding process), with the first (additively manufactured) component as insert, with a second material of a second Component is infiltrated.
    The main mechanism of the connection formation is the infiltration of the second, viscous material into the advantageously metallic lattice structure of the first component. Due to the molten phase of the second material (secondary material), complex cavities, undercuts and lattice structures can be filled perfectly. The lattice structure can decrease continuously in the pulling direction in the connecting structure in order to better distribute the power transmission in the longitudinal direction.
    FIG. 1 shows a first component 110, which is made additively from a first material 150, in particular metal, furthermore in particular steel. Furthermore, the first component 110 has a connection structure 112, which is also made additively from the first material 150. The connection structure 112
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    -16 is designed as a lattice structure with a lattice pattern that repeats periodically in two spatial directions. The grid structure has grid struts 114 and grid cross points 116.
    FIGS. 2a to 2c each show a component connection 130. This has the first component 110, which is made additively from the first material 150, and the connection structure 112. Furthermore, the component connection 130 has a second component 120 which is provided on the first component 110, the second component 120 having a connecting section 121 which has a second material 160. The second material 160 is a plastic. The two components 110, 120 form a positive connection 131. This is obtained during a manufacturing process by: i) introducing the connecting section 121 into the connecting structure 112, the second material 160 being at least partially in the form of a viscous phase, and ii) curing the second material 160. The introduction and curing is carried out here by means of injection molding technology carried out. The first material 150 (steel) has a first melting point and the second material 160 (plastic) has a second melting point, the first melting point being higher than the second melting point. The positive connection 131, which is formed by the connection structure 112 and the connection section 121, is shown in different sizes. For example, a special large connection structure 112 with many lattice cross points 116 is shown for FIG. 2a, while a medium-sized connection structure 112 is shown in FIG. 2 b, and a small connection structure 112 with a few lattice cross points 116 is shown in FIG. 2 c. Lattice struts 114 are arranged obliquely and each intersect at the lattice cross points 116. Cavities are provided between the lattice struts 114 and lattice cross points 116, which are infiltrated by the second material 160. The grid struts 114 and grid cross points 116 are enclosed by the second material 160.
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    Figures 3a and 3b each show a component connection 130 as described for Figures 2a to 2c above. In contrast to the figures described above, the cavities of the lattice structure of the connection structure 112 are designed to be substantially narrower. This is achieved in that the lattice struts 114 are thinner and are provided closer together. As a result, the grid cross points 116 are smaller and the cavities are made significantly narrower. This results in a difficult infiltration of the cavities, but also in a higher stability of the component connection 130. For FIG. 3b, a particularly large connection structure 112 is shown with many lattice cross points 116, while in FIG. 3a a small connection structure 112 with a few lattice cross points 116 is shown.
    FIGS. 4a to 4c each show a component connection 130 as described for FIGS. 2a to 2c above. In contrast to the figures described above, the cavities of the lattice structure of the connection structure 112 are configured significantly further. This is achieved in that the lattice struts 114 are thicker and are provided further apart. This results in a simplified infiltration of the cavities, but also in a lower stability of the component connection 130. The positive connection 131, which is formed by the connection structure 112 and the connection section 121, is shown in different sizes. 4a shows a special small connection structure 112 with a few lattice cross points 116, while in FIG. 4b a medium-sized connection structure 112 is shown, and in FIG. 4c a large connection structure 112 with many lattice cross points 116 is shown.
    It should be noted that the term "having no excludes other elements or steps, and that using articles such as" one does not exclude a plurality. Elements which are described in connection with various embodiments can also be
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    -18 can be combined. It should also be noted that reference signs are not to be interpreted in the claims in order to limit the scope of these claims.
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    -19Bezugszeichen:
    First component
    connecting structure
    lattice strut
    Grid intersection
    Second component
    connecting portion
    Multi-material component connection Positive connection First material
    Second material
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    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
    claims
    1. A method for producing a multi-material component connection (130), the method comprising:
    additive manufacturing of a first component (110) from a first material (150), the first component (110) having a connection structure (112);
    Providing a second component (120) which has a connecting section (121) which has a second material (160);
    Introducing the connecting section (121) into the connecting structure (112), the second material (160) being at least partially in the form of a viscous phase; and
    Hardening of the second material (160) in such a way that a positive connection (131) is formed between the first component (110) and the second component (120).
    [2]
    2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first material (150) has a first melting point and the second material (160) has a second melting point, the first melting point being higher than the second melting point.
    [3]
    3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the additive manufacturing has a 3D printing technique.
    [4]
    4. The method according to claim 3, wherein a layer thickness in the additive manufacturing is in the range from 20 μm to 50 μm.
    [5]
    5. The method according to any preceding claim, wherein the providing comprises employing an injection molding technique.
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    [6]
    6. The method according to any preceding claim, wherein the first material (150) is metal, in particular steel.
    [7]
    7. The method according to any preceding claim, wherein the second material (160) is aluminum or a plastic.
    [8]
    8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the second material (160) is at least partially melted during the provision.
    [9]
    9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the connecting structure (112) is designed as a cavity structure, in particular as a lattice structure (114, 116), further in particular as a lattice pattern that is repeated periodically in at least one spatial direction.
    [10]
    10. A multi-material component connection (130) comprising:
    a first component (110) which is made additively from a first material (150), the first component (110) having a connection structure (112);
    a second component (120) which is provided on the first component (120), the second component (120) having a connecting section (121) which has a second material (160);
    wherein a positive connection (131) is formed between the first component (110) and the second component (120), which is obtained by:
    Introducing the connecting section (121) into the connecting structure (112), the second material (160) being at least partially in the form of a viscous phase, and
    Curing the second material (160).
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    AT520756B1|2019-07-15|
    引用文献:
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA51016/2017A|AT520756B1|2017-12-06|2017-12-06|METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A MULTIMATERIAL COMPONENT CONNECTION AND THE MULTIMATERIAL COMPONENT CONNECTION|ATA51016/2017A| AT520756B1|2017-12-06|2017-12-06|METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A MULTIMATERIAL COMPONENT CONNECTION AND THE MULTIMATERIAL COMPONENT CONNECTION|
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